Guru Nanak Jayanti, also known as Gurpurab, marks the birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the revered founder of Sikhism and the first of the ten Sikh Gurus. Born on April 15, 1469, in Rai Bhoi di Talwandi, a village now located in Pakistan and known as Nankana Sahib, Guru Nanak belonged to a Bedi Kshatriya family. His birth brought light to an era marked by social divisions, superstition, and discrimination. Guru Nanak’s teachings challenged the societal norms of his time and advocated for equality, unity, and devotion to one God. Through his hymns and profound spiritual insights, he laid down the principles of Sikhism, which are followed by millions to this day.
Early Life and Teachings of Guru Nanak Dev Ji
From a young age, Guru Nanak displayed a deep curiosity and spiritual inclination, often challenging orthodox religious practices and promoting unity and equality. His revolutionary ideas took shape during his extensive travels (known as Udasis) across the Indian subcontinent and beyond, where he interacted with people of diverse religions and backgrounds. His teachings emphasized the importance of Naam Japna (meditating on Godβs name), Kirat Karni (honest living), and Vand Chakna (sharing with others), principles that form the foundation of Sikhism.
Guru Nanakβs hymns, 974 of which are enshrined in the holy Guru Granth Sahib, reflect his divine wisdom and compassionate worldview. These sacred verses address universal themes, such as the unity of humanity, the rejection of caste distinctions, the importance of selfless service, and the pursuit of truth. The Guru Granth Sahib, which is the eternal Guru of the Sikhs, continues to be a guiding light for devotees, passing down Guru Nanakβs legacy through generations.
Significance of Guru Nanak Jayanti
Guru Nanak Jayanti is celebrated with great devotion and reverence across India and by Sikh communities worldwide. This day is more than a remembrance of Guru Nanak’s birth; it is a celebration of his values and teachings, which emphasize compassion, humility, and dedication to the divine. The festival resonates strongly within the Punjabi and Sikh communities, but its message of universal love and harmony draws in people from all backgrounds. In many regions of India, particularly in Punjab, Delhi, and other cities with significant Sikh populations, it is observed with joyous processions, prayers, and community service.
Rituals and Celebrations
The celebration of Guru Nanak Jayanti spans three days, beginning two days prior to the actual date with the Akhand Path β a continuous, non-stop recitation of the Guru Granth Sahib over 48 hours, performed in Gurdwaras worldwide. On the day before Gurpurab, a grand procession called the Nagar Kirtan is organized. Devotees, led by the Panj Pyare (the five beloved ones), sing hymns from the holy scripture while carrying the Guru Granth Sahib on a beautifully decorated palanquin. The procession, adorned with religious flags and flowers, features traditional Gatka performances (Sikh martial arts) and various acts of service by the community.
On the day of Guru Nanak Jayanti, Sikhs gather at Gurdwaras for special prayers and kirtan, the singing of devotional hymns. Langar, a community meal, is an integral part of the celebration, embodying Guru Nanak’s message of equality. People from all walks of life, regardless of religion or social status, are welcome to partake in this meal. Community members also organize drives to donate clothes, food, and other essentials to the needy, reflecting the Guruβs teaching of selfless service.
The Enduring Legacy of Guru Nanak Dev Ji
Guru Nanakβs teachings continue to be a beacon of hope and wisdom, resonating deeply with those who seek spiritual enlightenment and social justice. His message of oneness transcends time and remains relevant in todayβs world, where divisions based on race, religion, and class still persist. Each of the nine Gurus who followed Guru Nanak is believed to have embodied his spirit and furthered his teachings, making Sikhism a faith rooted in compassion, equality, and devotion.
Celebrating Guru Nanak Jayanti is not only a tribute to the great saint but also a reminder of the values he stood for. His universal message invites people everywhere to practice humility, embrace diversity, and cultivate inner peace. This festival serves as an occasion to honor his legacy and reaffirm the commitment to lead a life of truth, service, and unity.
